چکیده:
Universality of common human values embedded in declarations and international treaties supposed to be evident In the international human rights legal system but it does not mean that there was no intellectual discrepancies behinds those instruments. Universality of human rights has its roots more than anything on theories of Jhon locke's natural law and Immanuel kant's rational ethics. but one of the earliest philosophers of opposition side against unity of human nature and universal morality at the embryonic stage was Nietzsche. Bringing forth the theory of will to power by adopting a psychological genealogy method Nietzsche distinguished between two moralities: Masters Morality and Slaves Morality. He attributed human rights as slave morality. Slaves revolted with the spirit of resentment and womanish deception against masters then introduced their own qualities as standard and universal. The Rise of Christianity and the Great French Revolution are amongst two biggest examples of such slave revolt in morality. with such a presupposition, trying by any effort to reconcile human rights morals with Nietzschean views seems to be unachievable. while reviewing past philosophical challenges this article tries to analyze necessity of co-existence both international human rights legal system and Nietzschean world from a new perspective.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Universality of human rights has its roots more than anything on theories of Jhon locke's natural law and Immanuel kant's rational ethics.
Keywords Ethics, Human Rights, Natural Law, Universality, Nietzsche Associate Professor of the Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran, E-mail: sd.
These principles, which are referred to in the United States Declaration of Independence, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are rooted in heated philosophical-political debates which had conquered the public that preceded the issuance of declarations.
Universality of Human Rights in Philosophical Concept Two of the most inspiring justifications of human rights in the history of political philosophy based on natural rights and rationality were presented by two figures: John Locke and Immanuel Kant.
Nietzsche against Locke; Criticism of the Universality of Natural Rights By proposing the concept of "will to power", Nietzsche attacked the idea of the existence of any moral meaning in the world.
Therefore, by rejecting any kind of rational and moral universalism in Nietzsche's intellectual sphere, inevitably, like American pragmatist philosophers and postmodernists who are largely influenced by Nietzsche's critical philosophy, human rights would be accepted or rejected only by their benefits and functions in practice, not by an all-encompassing theoretical foundation.