چکیده:
با توجه به روند افزایش شمار سالمندان در جامعه ایرانی، توجه به بهبود کیفیت زندگی این گروه از اهمیتی ویژه برخوردار است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی رابطه سبکهای دلبستگی با انسجام خود و پدیدآورندگی با میانجیگری نیازهای اساسی روانشناختی در سالمندان ایرانی به انجام رسید. روش پژوهش، توصیفی-همبستگی مبتنی بر تحلیل مسیر بود. جامعه آماری مشتمل بر سالمندان شهر تهران بود و حجم نمونه برابر با 170 نفر بود که به روش دردسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش مشتمل بر پرسشنامههای پدیدآورندگی لویولا، انسجام روانی آنتونووسکی، سبکهای دلبستگی کولینز و رید و نیازهای بنیادین روانشناختی دسی و رایان بود. یافتهها نشان داد که مدل مفروض از برازش خوبی در نمونه مورد مطالعه برخوردار است. نتایج نشان داد سبک دلبستگی ایمن به طور مستقیم با هر سه نیاز استقلال، شایستگی و ارتباط، ارتباط مثبت معنادار، سبک دلبستگی اجتنابی با شایستگی و سبک دلبستگی دوسوگرا با نیاز استقلال و شایستگی و انسجام خود ارتباط منفی معنادار دارند. به علاوه بین نیازهای استقلال و شایستگی با پدیدآورندگی ارتباط مثبت معنادار وجود دارد. نهایتاً نیاز استقلال در روابط بین سبکهای دلبستگی ایمن و دوسوگرا با پدیدآورندگی و نیاز شایستگی در روابط بین هر سه سبک دلبستگی با پدیدآورندگی نقش میانجی ایفا میکنند. در نتیجه، با توجه به اهمیت سبکهای دلبستگی و نیازهای اساسی روانی، روانشناسان میتوانند با تکیه بر این دو متغیر و تلاش برای بهبود و اصلاح آنها در کودکان و انجام مداخلات و درمانها در جامعه سالمندان، گامی در جهت افزایش کیفیت این دوران بردارند.
According to the ever-increasing number of the elderly in Iranian society, paying attention to improving the quality of life of this group is of particular importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between attachment styles with self-coherence and generativity through the mediating role of the basic psychological needs in Iranian elderly. The research method was descriptive-correlational of path analysis type. The statistical population included all the elderly living in Tehran, Iran, among whom 170 were selected using convenience sampling method. The research instruments included the Loyola’s Creativity, Antonovsky's psychological coherence, Collins and Reed’s attachment styles, and the Desi and Ryan’s basic psychological needs questionnaires. The results showed that the hypothesized model has a good fit in the study sample. The results showed that secure attachment style has a positive relationship with all three needs of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Avoidant attachment style had a negative significant relationship with competence, and ambivalent attachment style had a negative significant relationship with the autonomy and competence needs as well as self-coherence. In addition, there was a positive significant relationship between the needs of autonomy and competence with generativity. Finally, the autonomy need plays a mediating role in the relationship between secure and ambivalent attachment styles with generativity, and the competence need plays a mediating role in the relationship between all three styles of attachment with generativity. 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