چکیده:
موضوع الحضارة والارتطام الحضاري من الموضوعات والقضایا المهمة للشعر العربي المعاصر ونری في شعر الشعراء الملتزمین بقضیة الأرض والوطن، المشاهد العدیدة من الصدام الحضاري والصورة الحضارية للأنا العربي والآخر. هذه الورقة البحثیة تسعى بالاعتماد على المنهج الوصفي_التحلیلي لتسلیط الضوء علی الجانب الشعري المهم لشعر بکري وهو التجسید الشعري الواعي للآخر الحضاري والأنا العربي والشرقي ومن هنا أخذت بعض العینات الشعریة من دواوین الشاعر والمجموعات الشعریة التي یتطرق فیها الشاعر لقضیة الارتطام الحضاري بین الشرق والغرب. ما توصلت إلیه هذه الورقة البحثیة هو أن حضارة الآخر الغربي هي حضارة مادیة، تحمل الوحشیة والغطرسة والقتل والذبح والدمار إلی اللبدان والشعوب والوحشیة المسیطرة علی هذه الحضارة نتیجة للإنجازات العلمیة التي حققتها من جهة ونتیجة لانتفاء حضور المبدأ الحقیقي للإنسان في هذه الحضارة وحضور الأنا الشرقي والعربي في شعر الشاعر في المستوی الحضاري، حضور سلبي في المستوی السیاسي والإیدئولوجي وخاصة مقابل صورة الآخر الغربي. وما یحتاجه الشارع العربي في هذه الظروف الملیئة بالبطش الحضاري، هو ممارسة بناء المشروع الحضاري الجدید ذات العراقة والأصالة، ینطلق عن الرؤیة العربیة الواعیة والفکر العربي المتقد الیقظ الذي یحقق الحلم الإنساني وتقدیس القیم المثلی والنزوع الحقیقي إلی الدین القیم والانتماء الحضاري والاقتلاع الفکري وعدم النزوع إلی الغرب وحضارته المادیة التي تحمل الخراب والمأساة إلی العالم.
Contemporary Arabic poetry is objective poetry by distinction, and we see the logical and fundamental relationship between contemporary Arab poetry and between place and man, and this contemporary poetry reflects the Arab man and the problems of political, social and economic reality. We hardly find a poet and poet who lives in isolation from the place and from the human in general. From this point of view we see the person and the place at the threshold of objectivity Contemporary Arabic poetry does not submit to contemporary Arabic poetry and does not obey the issue of other than human beings and the problems of the place. Contemporary Arabic poetry, a result of frictions and clashes, emerged from its narrow framework and opened up to the many different themes of culture, civilization, identity and vision. One of the most important topics discussed in contemporary Arab poetry is the issue of civilization and the civilizational conflict between the Arab ego and between the West and its civilization, and in reality the subject of civilization and the problematic of civilization has become the subject and building of the contemporary poetic image of the realist poets who embody the Arab and the foreign ego in the frame of images and at the level of civilization and this is the subject of the image. Poetry is in a large part of it in contemporary poetry. Let us not go beyond the righteousness if we say that contemporary Arabic poetry contains a civilized vision, especially among poets who have a deep belonging to their land, homeland and civilization, and the people of the gardener and Ali Jafar Al-Alaq are the leadership in this topic and in contemporary Palestinian poetry, we find that the clash between the ego and the other On the cultural level, he is the main subject of Fawzi al-Bakri's poetry, and he is considered the only poet among the poets of Jerusalem who deviated in his poetry from the framework of resistance, war and struggle to consecrate the topic of civilization in his poetry, and this topic is the true building block for the poet’s poetic image. Through evoking the civilized other, the poet tries in his poems to expose the Western civilization and reveal his identity and the woes of this material civilization characterized by brutality and arrogance, and he also calls for building a new civilization and limiting the incursion of Western material civilization into the Arab land, by clinging to a set of basic principles to build the new civilization. This research paper seeks, through an objective vision, to study this important poetic feature of Fawzi al-Bakri’s poetry by selecting some poetic models from the poet’s poetry. We aim from behind delving into the poet’s poetic world and shedding light on an important aspect of al-Bakri’s poetry, to reveal and show the two opposing images of the Eastern and Arab other. Against the Israeli and American other, we find clear responses to a set of questions that act as the main motivation for such a visionary and deep approach:What are the most important specifications and features of Western civilization according to Fawzi Al-Bakri's vision, and what are the basic indicators for building civilization? How is the image of the Arab self and the image of the foreign other manifested on the cultural level in the poet's poetry?This research paper reached many results, which we summarize: - Fawzi Al-Bakri is considered one of the distinguished poetic voices in the resistant Palestinian poetry, and he is the only one among the poets of Jerusalem who remained in it and did not leave Jerusalem and defended his poems from which the spirit of enthusiasm and resistance leaves his land and his homeland and despite all the pressures directed to him, he did not give up and did not retreat, but rather increased his determination and insistence on me. Attendance and resistance. - Al-Bakri reveals in his poems the Western identity and the material civilization of the West and expresses the wildness and animalism of this civilization. Western civilization, according to Fawzi Al-Bakri, as a result of elevating the status of science and its sanctification, did not achieve the happiness and idealism of the human being and the quality of the vision to science, and the loss of spiritual truth among Western society is one of the most important crises of Western civilization. The absence of creative civilization action also causes frustration and degradation of this civilization and the brutality that the West brings to the peoples of the world. According to Fawzi Al-Bakri, it is only a result of the material hegemony over Western thought and Western civilization. - In addition to his attempt to destroy Western civilization and uncover the reality of this civilization, he calls for building a new civilization of tradition and originality in which the relationship with religion and the truth of faith are the valuable stock of this civilization without the new civilization being purely materialistic and in reality the poet rejects his intellectual inclination towards the West and the truth. In the attempt to build civilization, he calls for the sacredness of high values and their propagation in society and the rejection of the vice values that the West and Western material civilization boast about. - In the field of civilization, it calls for intellectual uprooting, non-intellectual and cultural Westernization, confronting the civilizational attack of the West, and confronting the intellectual tendency towards the material civilization of the West. The means for this confrontation is the civilized belonging of the Arab man, and in addition to the poet’s assertion of civilized belonging, he affirms the reverence of the noble human values that the noble human instinct aspires to. Religion, faith and knowledge as a means of advancing man and pushing him forward, but he is in the presence of faith and religion so that man does not deviate from his path.
خلاصه ماشینی:
العلم الذي یحمل وظیفة دراسة هذا الجانب الشعري هو علم الصورولوجیا بوصفه من فروع الدراسات المقارنة التي تتبناها المدرسة الفرنسیة للأدب المقارن و«خاصة عند روادها المؤسسین والمنظرین الأوائل ومنهم ماري كاریه وتلمیذه فرانسوا غویار» (سعد الله، 2018م: 37) وغیرهما الذین یتناولون بالصورة المقارنیة، دراسة الشعوب لدی الشعوب الأخری أو النصوص والخطابات التي لها السیاق التثاقفي أو السیاق الصورولوجي وبهدف الفعل الثقافي و«الصورة في هذا الاتجاه هي إعادة تقدیم وتركیب وبناء لواقع ثقافي واجتماعي ونفسي یخضع ویتأثر بالأبعاد الثقافیة والإیدئولوجیة وبمختلف المرجعیات وتبقى الصورة آلیة فعالة في كشف الصور الثقافیة وحالات الارتباط والجدلیة في خضم عملیات المثاقفة والتواصل» (السابق: 38) وفي مجال الشعر المعاصر وانطلاقا من الرؤیة السیاسیة والإیدئولوجیة للشاعر العربي الحدیث عن الأنثربولوجیة والعملیة التثاقفیة ما لا طائل تحته بل الالتقاء بین الاثنین: الأنا والآخر بوصفه من دروس الأدب المقارن، یخرج عن الإطار الموضوعي في الأدب المقارن ویحاول الشاعر عادة في تجسید حالات الصراع بین الأنا والآخر، لأدلجة الواقع الإنساني وبناء المنظومة المنسجمة الإنسانیة وفي خضم هذه المحاولة یسعی الشاعر للإشارة إلی الحقیقة الباطنیة والهویة للآخر ومن ثمّ الدعوة الفنیة للوقوف والحدّ من توسع الآخر أو بهدف التقویض التام للأنا والآخر معاً إذا كانت الذات في مواجهة الآخر المتحیز الاستعماري، تركن للضعف واللامبالیة والانطوائیة السلبیة بحیث یصبح الفن وسیلة تجسید حالة الذات مقابل الآخر.
6143 Investigating the Semantic Domains of Torment and Reward in Surah Al-Baqarah Based on Tension Patterns Fatemeh Bakhtiari 1 Batool Meshkinfam* 2 , HamidReza Shairi 3 ** Abstract The purpose of this article is to provide a new explanation for the meaning of “torment” and “reward” in Surah Al-Baqarah, according to Izutsu’s “semantic domain” based on determining the key and focal words, and “discourse processes” based on tension relations.