چکیده:
رودخانه بین المللی هریرود، یک رودخانه مرزی پیدرپی بین کشورهای افغانستان، ایران و ترکمنستان است که سرچشمه اش در خاک کشور افغانستان (دولت بالادست) واقع شده است. تا کنون هیچ توافقنامه مشترک بین این سه کشور منعقد نشده است. دولتهای حوضچه هریرود در شاخابه های فرعی که در قلمرو این کشورها هستند سدهایی ساخته اند که باعث مسدودشدن جریان اصلی آب به شاخه اصلی میشود. با توجه به بحران کم آبی و فقدان موافقتنامه ای در خصوص نحوه بهره برداری از هریرود، بیم آن میرود این تأسیسات آبی به اختلافی بین المللی تبدیل شوند. لذا این مقاله با استفاده از رویه داوری و قضایی، اسناد و عرف بین المللی، تعهدات بین المللی دولتهای حوضچه هریرود را در زمینه احداث تأسیسات آبی تبیین میکند. مقاله نتیجه می گیرد که دولتهای مزبور، علاوه بر الزام به اطلاع رسانی در احداث تأسیسات آبی، متعهدند از رودخانه هریرود، منصفانه و معقول، طوری که به کشورهای پاییندست هریرود (ایران و ترکمنستان) آسیب جدی وارد نشود بهره برداری کنند.
The Harirud International River is a continuous boundary river between Afghanistan, Iran and Turkmenistan, which has its head on the territory of Afghanistan (upstream). So far, no trilateral agreement has been concluded between the three countries. The construction of dams in the subsidiary subdivisions of Harirud waterway by the said States have blocked the main flow of water to the main shaft. Given the water crisis and the lack of agreements on how to use the River, it is feared that these marine constructions may lead to an international dispute. Therefore, this paper, using the arbitral and judicial jurisprudence and international instruments and Custom explains the international obligations of Harirud waterway States on the marine constructions. It is concluded that States are required to issue notification for the marine construction. Moreover, the riparian governments commit themselves to fair and equitable use of the River so that it does not seriously damage the lower reaches (Turkmenistan and Iran).
خلاصه ماشینی:
Legal Problems Relating to the Utilization and Use of International River- Report by the Secrery- General, See A/5409, Extract from the Yearbook of the International Law Commission (YILC), 1974, vol.
ک: Kaya, Ibrahim, Equitable Utilization: The Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, Ash Gate Publishing, 2003, pp.
Article 7, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, 1997.
Article 7, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, 1997.
Kaya, Ibrahim, Equitable Utilization: The Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, Ashgate Publishing, 2003.
Legal Problems relating to the Utilization and Use of International River- Report by the Secrery - General, See A/5409, Extact from the Yearbook of the International Law Commission (YILC), 1974, vol.
Schwabach, Aaron, “The United Nations Convention on the Law of Non- Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, Customary International Law, and the Interests of Developing Upper Riparians”, International Law Journal, Vol. 33, 1998.
Schwabach, Aaron, “The United Nations Convention on the Law of Non- Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, Customary International Law, and the Interests of Developing Upper Riparians”, International Law Journal, Vol. 33, 1998.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, 1997.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses, 1997.
Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Trail Smelter Case, (United States, Canada).
Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Trail Smelter Case, (United States, Canada).