چکیده:
در شرایط فعلی و با وجود اعتراضات و بحرانهای اجتماعی متفاوت، بیشتر مسئولان و سیاستگذاران اجتماعی و اقتصادی، سیاستهایی را مطرح میکنند که پیش از این بارها اجرا شده و به شکست و نارضایتیهای اجتماعی متعددی منجر شده است. حال آنکه با توجه به ادعای این پژوهش، پیچیدگی مسائل کنونی و انتزاع عینی یا ذهنی حاکم بر جامعه سبب شده است که حتی استفادة متعارف از دوگانههای مفهومی جامعهشناختی مانند عقلانیت-ناعقلانیت و سنت-مدرنیته نیز برای نقد روندهای موجود، نابسنده بهنظر بیاید. روندهایی که هماکنون اشکال مختلف سرمایة مالی از جمله استارتاپها را جایگزین صنعت و شبکههای اجتماعی و فضای مجازی را جایگزین عرصة عمومی سیاسی و فرهنگی کرده است؛ از اینرو در این نوشتار به تبعیت از نظریة آدرنو تلاش شده است تا نابسندهبودن نگاه یکسویه و غیردیالکتیکی به این مفاهیم برای نقد کلیت اجتماعی فعلی و مسائل آن در ساختاری انضمامی، یعنی ساختار شرکتهای استارتاپی نشان داده شود. یافتههای پژوهش نشان میدهد که این دوگانهها تنها موضوعاتی معرفتشناختی نیستند که از جانب جامعهشناسان و نظریهپردازان برای تحلیل واقعیت اجتماعی ساخته شده باشند، بلکه سازندة نظم اجتماعی فعلی هستند؛ نظمی که در شرایط بحرانی (ناعقلانی) از جمله شرایط فعلی، میانجی انواع واپسروی به اشکال پیشامدرن سیاست و اجتماع است.
In the current situation, despite the various social objections and crises, most of the officials and social and economical policymakers recommend the policies that, in the past, have been frequently adopted and resulted in numerous social dissatisfactions. According to this research, the complexity of today's problems, and the subjective/objective abstraction dominating on the society, makes the conventional use of the sociological conceptual dualities such as rationality/irrationality, tradition/modernity inappropriate for criticizing the existing trends - the trends which have currently replaced the industry with the different forms of financial capitals such as startups, and also the political and cultural public sphere with social networks and cyberspace. Hence, following Adorno's methodology/theory, this research, using a concrete structure (i.e the structure of startup companies), shows that one-sided and non-dialectical approach towards these concepts is not suitable to comprehend/criticize the current social situation and its problems. The results of this study indicate that these dualities are not just epistemological issues developed by sociologists and theorists to analyze social reality, but they are forming the present social order - an order which under critical/ irrational conditions including present conditions, is the mediation for a variety of regressions toward the forms of pre-modern politics and society. In the current situation, despite the various social objections and crises, most of the officials and social and economical policymakers recommend the policies that, in the past, have been frequently adopted and resulted in numerous social dissatisfactions. According to this research, the complexity of today's problems, and the subjective/objective abstraction dominating on the society, makes the conventional use of the sociological conceptual dualities such as rationality/irrationality, tradition/modernity inappropriate for criticizing the existing trends - the trends which have currently replaced the industry with the different forms of financial capitals such as startups, and also the political and cultural public sphere with social networks and cyberspace. In the current situation, despite the various social objections and crises, most of the officials and social and economical policymakers recommend the policies that, in the past, have been frequently adopted and resulted in numerous social dissatisfactions. According to this research, the complexity of today's problems, and the subjective/objective abstraction dominating on the society, makes the conventional use of the sociological conceptual dualities such as rationality/irrationality, tradition/modernity inappropriate for criticizing the existing trends - the trends which have currently replaced the industry with the different forms of financial capitals such as startups, and also the political and cultural public sphere with social networks and cyberspace. In the current situation, despite the various social objections and crises, most of the officials and social and economical policymakers recommend the policies that, in the past, have been frequently adopted and resulted in numerous social dissatisfactions. According to this research, the complexity of today's problems, and the subjective/objective abstraction dominating on the society, makes the conventional use of the sociological conceptual dualities such as rationality/irrationality, tradition/modernity inappropriate for criticizing the existing trends - the trends which have currently replaced the industry with the different forms of financial capitals such as startups, and also the political and cultural public sphere with social networks and cyberspace. In the current situation, despite the various social objections and crises, most of the officials and social and economical policymakers recommend the policies that, in the past, have been frequently adopted and resulted in numerous social dissatisfactions. According to this research, the complexity of today's problems, and the subjective/objective abstraction dominating on the society, makes the conventional use of the sociological conceptual dualities such as rationality/irrationality, tradition/modernity inappropriate for criticizing the existing trends - the trends which have currently replaced the industry with the different
خلاصه ماشینی:
بدين ترتيب در جهان سرمايه داري مقوله ها و مفاهيم مناقشه برانگيزي مانند سنت -مدرنيته يا عقلانيت -ناعقلانيت ديالکتيک خاص خود را مييابند و درنتيجه تحليل عينيت اين مفاهيم (به جاي نقد معرفت شناسانۀ آن ها) در ساختاري انضمامي، امکان درک بنياديتر اين دوگانه ها را فراهم ميکند؛ از اين رو در اين مقاله با شرح پيوند دروني اين دوگانه ها با شکل جديد سرمايه داري که در پديدارهايي مانند شرکت هاي استارتاپي و فضاي مجازي تجلي يافته است ، منطق تداوم آن ها (از جمله دعوي گذار به عقلانيت و مدرنيته ) در ساحت انديشۀ اجتماعي - فرهنگي و عمل سياسي-اقتصادي روشن شده است .
حال آنکه اکنون تنش ها و تضادهاي عيني اين جامعه به دليل شکل وحدت يابي آن به تقابل ها و رقابت هاي فردي افسارگسيخته اي منتهي شده است که نافي هر نوع امر اجتماعي و نمادين هستند؛ از اين رو پديدارهاي اجتماعي متفاوت اين جامعه در عين نويدبخش بودن هراس انگيزند؛ براي نمونه در زماني که فضاي مجازي و شرکت هاي استارتاپي به مثابۀ پيشگامان نظم سرمايه داري جديد پديدار ميشوند و به ظاهر ميتوانند جامعه را به شکل بهتر و به روزتري سامان دهي کنند، شکل آشوبناک و تهديدکنندة نظم موجود را نيز به خود ميگيرند.