چکیده:
ﻫدف اﻟﺒﺤث اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ إﻟﻰ ﺘﺼور ﻤﻘﺘرح ﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ ﻤﻬﺎرات اﻟطﻼب اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿن ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﺨﯿص أﺨطﺎء اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻟدی ﺘﻼﻤﯿذﻫم ﻤن وﺠﻬﺔ ﻨظر اﻟﻤﺸرﻓﯿن اﻷﻛﺎدﯿﻤﯿﯿن. وﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿق ذﻟک اﺴﺘﺨدم اﻟﺒﺎﺤث اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺞ اﻟوﺼﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﺤدﯿد ﻤﺴﺘوی اﻟطﺎﻟب اﻟﻤﻌﻠم ﻓﻲ ﺘﺸﺨﯿص أﺨطﺎء اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻟدی طﻼﺒﻪ ﻤن وﺠﻬﺔ ﻨظر ﻤﺸرﻓﻪ اﻷﻛﺎدﯿﻤﻲ ﻟﻠوﺼول إﻟﻰ ﺘﺼور ﻤﻘﺘرح ﻟﺘﻨﻤﯿﺔ ﻤﻬﺎراﺘﻬم، وﻗد أﻋدّ اﻟﺒﺎﺤث اﺴﺘﺒﺎﻨﺔ ﺘﻬدف إﻟﻰ ﺘﻘدﯿر اﻟﻤﺸرف اﻷﻛﺎدﯿﻤﻲ ﻟﻘدرة اﻟطﺎﻟب اﻟﻤﻌﻠم ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺸﺨﯿص أﺨطﺎء اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻟدی طﻼﺒﻪ، ﺤﯿث ﺒﻠﻎ ﺤﺠم اﻟﻌﯿﻨﺔ) 22 (ﻤن اﻟطﻼب اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿن اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ ﺒﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺘرﺒﯿﺔ، ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺒﯿﺸﺔ واﻟذﯿن ﯿؤدون اﻟﺘدرﯿب اﻟﻤﯿداﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺼل اﻟدراﺴﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ) 1438/1437 (، وﺒﻠﻎ ﻤﺘوﺴط أﻋﻤﺎرﻫم) 22,3 (وﺒﺎﻨﺤراف ﻤﻌﯿﺎری) 1,22 (وﺘﻀﻤﻨت اﻻﺴﺘﺒﺎﻨﺔ 20 ﻓﻘرة ﻤوزﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻷرﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻛﺘﺎﺒﺔ وﻫﻲ: اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻹﻤﻼﺌﯿﺔ، اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻟﻨﺤوﯿﺔ، اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻷﺴﻠوﺒﯿﺔ، ﻤﺠﺎل ﻤﻬﺎرات اﻟﺘﺤرﯿر اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﺒواﻗﻊ ﺨﻤس ﻓﻘرات ﻟﻛل ﻤﻬﺎرة. وﺘﻘدﯿر اﻟﻤﻬﺎرة ﻤن ﺨﻼل ﻤﻘﯿﺎس ﻤﺘدرج ﻟﻠﺤﻛم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺴﺘوی ﺘﻤﻛن اﻟطﺎﻟب اﻟﻤﻌﻠم ﻤن اﻟﻤﻬﺎرة. وﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛّد ﻤن اﻟﺼدق اﻟظﺎﻫری ﻟﻼﺴﺘﺒﺎﻨﺔ ﺘم ﻋرض اﻻﺴﺘﺒﺎﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺠﻤوﻋﺔ ﻤن اﻟﻤﺘﺨﺼﺼﯿن ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ وطرق اﻟﺘدرﯿس وﻋﻠم اﻟﻨﻔس ﻹﺒداء آراﺌﻬم وﻤﻠﺤوظﺎﺘﻬم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻘرات اﻻﺴﺘﺒﺎﻨﺔ ﻤن ﺤﯿث ﻤدی ﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﻔﻘرة ﻟﻐوﯿﺎً وﻤدی ﺘﻤﺜﯿﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﺎرة اﻟﻔرﻋﯿﺔ، وﻗد ﺘمّ ﺘطوﯿر اﻷداة ﻟﺘﻛون ﺼﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﺘطﺒﯿق اﻟﻤﯿداﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻀوء آراﺌﻬم. وﻗد ﻗﺎم اﻟﺒﺎﺤث ﺒﺈﺠراء ﺜﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺼﺤﺤﯿن وذﻟک ﺒﺤﺴﺎب ﻤﻌﺎﻤل اﻻرﺘﺒﺎط ﺒﯿن ﺘﻘدﯿراﺘﻪ ﻟﻌﺸرة ﻤن اﻟطﻼب اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿن وﺘﻘدﯿرات أﺤد اﻟﻤﺸرﻓﯿن اﻷﻛﺎدﯿﻤﯿﯿن، ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻷرﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯿﺘﻛون ﻤﻨﻬﺎ اﻻﺴﺘﺒﯿﺎن وﺒﻠﻐت ﻤﻌﺎﻤﻼت اﻻرﺘﺒﺎط( 0,84، 0,75، 0,79، 0,83 )ﻤﻤﺎ ﯿﺸﯿر إﻟﻰ ﺜﺒﺎت ﺠﯿد ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺤﺤﯿن. وﻗد ﺘوﺼل اﻟﺒﺤث إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ:
اﺘﻀﺢ أن ﻤﺴﺘوی ﺘﻤﻛن اﻟطﺎﻟب اﻟﻤﻌﻠم ﻤن ﺘﺸﺨﯿص أﺨطﺎء اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﻟدی طﻼﺒﻪ ﻤن وﺠﻬﺔ ﻨظر ﻤﺸرﻓﻪ اﻷﻛﺎدﯿﻤﻲ ﯿﺘﺤدد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘوی اﻟﻤﺘوﺴط ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻷرﺒﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻛﺘﺎﺒﺔ اﻟوظﯿﻔﯿﺔ. ﺤﯿث ﺘﺼدّرت اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻟﻨﺤوﯿﺔ اﻟﺘرﺘﯿب ﺒﻤﺘوﺴط ﻤرﺠﺢ ﺒﻠﻎ(2,92 ). وﺠﺎءت اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻷﺴﻠوﺒﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘرﺘﯿب اﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﺤﯿث ﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﻤﺘوﺴط اﻟﻤرﺠﺢ (2,90). ﺜم اﻟﻤﻬﺎرات اﻹﻤﻼﺌﯿﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎن ﻤﺘوﺴطﻬﺎ (2,81). وأﺨﯿراً ﻤﻬﺎرات اﻟﺘﺤ رﯿر اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﻲ ﺒﻤﺘوﺴط ﺒﻠﻎ )2,75(. وﻓﻲ ﻀوء ذﻟك ﻗدم اﻟﺒﺎﺤث أﺒرز اﻟﺘوﺼﯿﺎت واﻟﻤﻘﺘرﺤﺎت ﺒﺈﺠراء ﺒﺤث ﻤﻤﺎﺜل ﻟﻠﻛﺸف ﻋن اﻟﻘدرة اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻠطﻼب اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿن ﻓﻲ ﻀوء اﻟﻤدﺨل اﻻﺘﺼﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﺘﻌﻠﯿم اﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﯿﺔ، وﺘﻛﺜﯿف اﻟﻤﺴوﺤﺎت اﻟﻠﻐوﯿﺔ واﻟدراﺴﺎت اﻻﺴﺘطﻼﻋﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤدﯿد ﻤﺴﺘوﯿﺎت اﻟطﻼب اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﯿن ﻓﻲ اﺴﺘﺨدام ﻤﻬﺎرات اﻟﻛﺘﺎﺒة.
The present research aimed at a suggested in vision for developing the skills of the student teachers, by diagnosing their errors of writing from the points of view of the academic supervisors. To achieve this, the descriptive approach was used to decide the level of the student teacher, to reach a suggested in vision to develop their skills. A questionnaire was designed for the academic supervisors, to point out the student teacher ability to diagnose their pupils writing errors. The sample was (22) from the students specialized in Arabic in the faculty of education university of Bisha. They were doing their field training in the second semester (1438- 1437). The mean of their ages was (22.3) with standard deviation (1,22). The questionnaire comprised 20 items distributed on four skills: dictation, grammar, writing, and the style, each skill had five items, estimated according to gradual measure to point the level of the student competence of each skill. The questionnaire was checked by two groups from the teaching staff in the department of curricula and methods of teaching and the department of psychology. The questionnaire was valid for application. The co-relation was done from the final grades of ten student teachers and one of the supervisors in the four skills. The co-relation was (0,83), (0,79), (0,75), (0,84) this indicates a good reliability. The research reached the following findings: The level of the student teacher competence in diagnosing pupils errors of writing from the academic supervisor's point of view is middle in the four skills. The sequence of their mean is as the following: grammar skills (2,92) style skills (2,90) dictation (2,81) and writing skills (2,75). Accordingly, the researcher provided useful recommendations. He suggested the conduction of similar researches about the ability of writing in the light of the communicative approach for teaching Arabic, together with intensifying the linguistic surveys for deciding the levels of the student teachers in the skills of writing