چکیده:
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻓﻘﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ و ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﻴﻬـﺎی ﺣﺎﺻـﻠﻪ و ﺗﻌﻴـﻴﻦ اﻫـﺪاﻓﻲ ﺑـﺮای ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ ﻫـﺰاره ﺳـﻮم ﻛـﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣـﺎدﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻓﻘﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﻏﻴﺮﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻲرﺳﺪ، ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮدن راه ﺣﻠﻲ ﺑﺮای ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻘـﺮ و ﺑﻬﺒـﻮدرﻓﺎه ﻃﺒﻘﺎت و اﻗﺸﺎر ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻚ آرﻣﺎن ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻧﻲ درآﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﻳـﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟـﻪ ﺿـﻤﻦ ﺑﻴـﺎن ﻧﺎﻛـﺎر اﻣـﺪی وﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﻲ دوﻟﺘﻲ و ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎی ﻣـﺎﻟﻲ رﺳـﻤﻲ در ﺟﻬـﺖ ﻛﻤـﻚ ﻣـﺆﺛﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﮔـﺮوهﻫـﺎی ﻓﻘﻴـﺮﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎی در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﺮد و اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﺧﺮد را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ازﺗﺠﺎرب ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﺎﻛﻲ از آﻧﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﺮد ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزی ﻓﻘﺮا، آﻧﻬﺎرا در ﺧﺮوج از وﺿـﻌﻴﺖﻓﻘﺮ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﻛﻤﻚ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕـﺎه ﻛـﻼن ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺌﻠﻪ و ﺑﻬـﺮهﮔﻴـﺮی از ﺗﻜﻨﻴـﻚﻫـﺎی آﻣـﺎری واﻗﺘﺼﺎدﺳﻨﺠﻲ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و دادهﻫﺎی اﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻳﺮان، ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﻲدﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﺧـﺮد ﻣـﻲﺗﻮاﻧـﺪﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮی در ﺟﻬﺖ رﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و ارزش اﻓﺰوده ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺸﺎورزی و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻘﺮ روﺳـﺘﺎﻳﻲ داﺷـﺘﻪﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
Considering the expansion of global poverty and its resulting concerns، the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) may not be achieved unless a solution is found for this widespread phenomenon. Therefore finding a solution for poverty reduction and improving the welfare of the vulnerable group has become a universal objective. This paper discusses the poor performance of formal financial markets and financial institutions in order to help the poor in developing countries.
The paper argues that microfinance and microcredit are suitable substitutions for helping the poor. Some international experiences suggest that microfinance can empower the vulnerable group، lifting them out of poverty and helping them select a desired path. Applying econometrics and statistical techniques to Iranian data، it has been seen that microcredit and microfinance can play a key role in economic growth and added-value in the agricultural sector. This in turn will result in an overall poverty reduction.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"com *- )ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل( ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: 12/11/88 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: 2/2/88 Microfinance an Approach for Increasing Output in the Agricultural Sector and Poverty Reduction in Rural Areas1 Sadegh Bakhtiari Professor of Economics, Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Isfahan, Iran Abstract Considering the expansion of global poverty and its resulting concerns, the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) may not be achieved unless a solution is found for this widespread phenomenon.
Gaschﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﺨﺶ رﺳﻤﻲ ﺑﻪ دﻻﻳـﻞ زﻳـﺮ اﻧﮕﻴـﺰهای ﺑـﺮای دادن وام و اﻋﺘﺒـﺎر ﺑـﻪ ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎی ﻓﻘﻴﺮ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ، زﻳﺮا: 1- ﻛﺸﺎورزان ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﺤﺮوم روﺳﺘﺎﺋﻲ اﻏﻠﺐ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﺋﻲ در ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨـﺪه و دور از ﻫﻢ زﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ و اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ دﺷﻮاری ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ وام و اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲﮔﺮدد 2- ﻣﺤﺼـﻮﻻت ﻛﺸـﺎورزی واﺑﺴـﺘﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﺑـﻪ ﺷـﺮاﻳﻂ ﺟـﻮی داﺷـﺘﻪ و وﻗـﻮع ﺣـﻮادﺛﻲ از ﻗﺒﻴـﻞ ـ ـ ـ ﺧﺸﻜﺴﺎﻟﻲ و ﺳﻴﻞ ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب وﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺮ درآﻣﺪﻫﺎی ﻣﺤﻠﻲ آﻧﺎن داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت دﻳﮕـﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴـﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻧﺎن را ﺑﺎ رﻳﺴﻚﻫﺎی زﻳﺎدی ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﻲﺳﺎزد.
ﺟﻤﻊﺑﻨﺪی ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺑﺎ ﻓﻘﺮ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ و ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻧﻚ ﮔـﺮاﻣﻴﻦ در ﺑـﻨﮕﻼدش و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ از ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﺮد در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎی در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ، ﻣﻮﺿـﻮع اﻋﺘﺒـﺎرات ﺧـﺮد و ﻧﻘﺶ آن در اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات ﺑﺨﺶ ﻛﺸﺎورزی و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﻘﺮ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.
در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻋﺘﺒﺎرات ﺧﺮد و ﻣﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﺧﺮد، ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎی ﻣـﺎﻟﻲ دوﻟﺘـﻲ، ﻋﺪمﻛﺎراﻳﻲ در ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﭘﺲاﻧﺪازﻫﺎی ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎی دوﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎزارﻫﺎی ﻣﺎﻟﻲ و ﻣﺸﻜﻼت ﻓﻘـﺮا در دﺳﺘﺮﺳـﻲ ﺑـﻪ ﺑﺎزارﻫـﺎی ﻣﺤﻠـﻲ را از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ دﻻﻳـﻞ ﺿـﺮورت ﭘـﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻘﻮﻟـﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﻴـﻪ ﺧـﺮد در ـ ــ ـ ـ ــ ـ ـ ـ ــ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎی در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻄﺮح ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ."