Abstract:
درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮان و ﻣﺸﺎوران ﻫﺮ روزه ﺑﺎ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﻨﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، دﭼﺎر آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎی رواﻧﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت آﺳﯿﺐ دﯾﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ از ﻗﺪرتﻫﺎی ﺑﺎزیدرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮﻗﺮاری ارﺗﺒﺎط، اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻓﮑﺎر، اﺑﺮاز اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت، و آﻣﻮزش رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎی ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺎن ﺧﺮدﺳﺎل ﺧﻮد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎزیدرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﺎن ﺧﻮد ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﮐﻨﺪ، ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﻦﻓﺮدی ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد آورد، از ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖﻫﺎی آﺳﯿﺐزای رواﻧﯽ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی ﮐﻨﺪ و در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻄﯽ در زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن، ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮدی ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ. ﺑﺎزیدرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﻣﺸﮑﻼت، ﺑﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﺤﻮل ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖﻫﺎی ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎزیدرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻟﺘﯽ روﺷﯽ ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﺮای ﺑﯿﺎن اﺣﺴﺎﺳﺎت، ﻫﯿﺠﺎنﻫﺎ و اﻓﮑﺎر ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻧﺎﺷﻨﻮا اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از آن در ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺎزی ﯾﺎ ﻫﻨﺮی اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎزیدرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ درﻣﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮاﺟﻊ ﺧﻮد را ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎزیدرﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﺸﺘﺎﻟﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ درﻫﺎ را ﺑﺮای آﺳﯿﺐﻫﺎی ﭘﻨﻬﺎن و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ روﯾﺪادﻫﺎ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻗﺎدر ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﮐﺮدن در ﻣﻮرد آن ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﺎز ﮐﻨﺪ. اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺑﺎزی و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﻤﮑﺎری ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.
Every day therapists and counselors deal with deaf children that had different kind of traumas, generated by different situations. These children may also be severely damaged emotionally. The professionals have to employ the powers of play therapy in order to help the young clients communicate their thoughts, feelings and behaviors. Gestalt play therapy helps the therapist to liaise with his or her clients, to establish an interpersonal process and prevent potential psychologically damaging situations and also to heal if such situations already occurred in the children’s lives. Besides the resolution of some issues, Gestalt play therapy also helps children to achieve a lot from a growth and development point of view. Gestalt play therapy is an efficient way to make the deaf child express the feelings, emotions and thoughts, which the therapist can use in a play or art environment. Gestalt play therapy helps the therapist assess his clients, being the key that unlocks the doors to the hidden traumas and other events that the children are not able or willing to speak about. The playing patterns and their degree of cooperation are revealing in this perspective.
Machine summary:
بازیدرمانی گشتالتی روشی کارآمد برای بیان احساسات، هیجانها و افکار کودکان ناشنوا است که درمانگر میتواند از آن در یک محیط بازی یا هنری استفاده کند.
در حقیقت، بازیدرمانی گشتالتی 1 که در این مقاله مورد بحث و بررسی قرار میگیرد به درمانگر کمک میکند تا به ارزیابی دقیقتر کودک یا مراجع دست یابد.
در این پژوهش 30 کودک با اختلال کمتوجهی بیشفعالی شرکت داشتند که روش مداخله، بازیدرمانی گروهی مبتنی بر گشتالت بود که به صورت 8 جلسه 45 دقیقهای برای کودکان اجرا شد.
نتایج پژوهش رافاجینو [6] حاکی از آن بود که بازیدرمانی گشتالتی منجر به کاهش مشکلات رفتاری و بهبود مهارتهای اجتماعی کودکان شد.
The effectiveness of Gestalt play therapy on self-esteem and social adjustment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
The effect of Gestalt play therapy on anxiety of deaf students in Ilam city.
Effectiveness of Gestalt play therapy in decreasing social phobia.
Gestalt Play Therapy for Deaf Children Marzieh Pahlavani 1 .
Gestalt play therapy helps the therapist to liaise with his or her clients, to establish an interpersonal process and prevent potential psychologically damaging situations and also to heal if such situations already occurred in the children’s lives.
Besides the resolution of some issues, Gestalt play therapy also helps children to achieve a lot from a growth and development point of view.
Gestalt play therapy helps the therapist assess his clients, being the key that unlocks the doors to the hidden traumas and other events that the children are not able or willing to speak about.
Keywords: Play Therapy, Gestalt, Deaf children M.